Which of the following is NOT a common pricing strategy?

The correct choice is D. Undercutting pricing is not recognized as a standard pricing strategy in marketing terminology. The term often refers to the practice of setting a price lower than competitors to attract customers, rather than being a formalized approach like penetration, skimming, or competitive pricing.

Penetration pricing involves setting a low initial price to quickly attract a large number of customers and gain market share. Skimming pricing, on the other hand, involves setting a high initial price for a new or innovative product to maximize profits from different customer segments before gradually lowering the price. Competitive pricing focuses on setting prices based on what competitors are charging, ensuring that a business stays relevant in a competitive market environment. These recognized strategies are part of the broader pricing landscape, while undercutting lacks the robustness and strategy typically associated with effective pricing decisions.